Mapping micro-enterprise digital readiness and financial access at national population scale across 38 provinces and 500+ kabupaten, making visible what the credit system has never measured.
Indonesia has 20 million micro-enterprise households. Of these, only 19.3% (3,876,810 households) have any formal credit access. The remaining 80.7% operate entirely outside the formal financial system.
This study classifies all 20 million along two dimensions: whether the business operator is digitally active (uses internet for selling or e-banking) and whether the household has formal credit (KUR, bank, BPR, or koperasi). The most actionable finding: 2,621,446 households are digitally visible but financially invisible — generating the exact digital footprints that alternative credit scoring (PKA) could use, yet completely excluded from formal credit. Of these, 76.2% are Upgraders with savings accounts and no debt. 98.2% receive zero government programs.
Read the full paper (PDF) →All figures are based on BPS SUSENAS March 2025 and SAKERNAS February 2025. This is a point-in-time snapshot. The framework is designed to be re-run on future survey waves.
20,063,735 micro-enterprise households classified by digital activity and formal credit access. Of these, only 19.3% have any formal credit. Click each group to see its full profile.
How digital readiness and financial exclusion concentrate across Indonesia.